Boston Area Colleges Election Project

Courts should not require the banning of some types of election equipment based on the Equal Protection Clause for three reasons: 1) there is no evidence that blacks have more invalidated votes than whites when they both use punch-card system, 2) nonwhites are becoming decreasingly more likely than whites to use punchcards, 3) there is no intent to discriminate, and 4) banning a voting machine would commence a pattern of banning the least current machine, thereby placing a financial strain on counties in the U.S.